Saudi Arabia and Qatar: Competing Mediators or Complementary Partners in Sudan's Peace Process?
As Sudan's devastating conflict enters its fourth year, two Gulf states have emerged as pivotal diplomatic actors with distinct mediation approaches. Saudi Arabia, through its Jeddah process, has hosted the only negotiations where both the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) were brought to one table to negotiate substance . Meanwhile, Qatar has leveraged its proven "Doha model" of diplomacy, built on decades of experience mediating the Darfur conflict through the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur (DDPD) . Understanding the Saudi Arabia Qatar Sudan mediation role is essential to assessing pathways toward peace. What Is Saudi Arabia's Jeddah Mediation Process? The Jeddah process, launched in May 2023, produced two foundational documents: the Jeddah Declaration of Commitment to Protect the Civilians of Sudan (May 11, 2023) and the Agreement on a Short-Term Ceasefire and Humanitarian Arrangements (May 20, 2023) . The EU's special representati...